{"id":2322,"date":"2023-11-29T09:14:37","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T08:14:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/?post_type=training&#038;p=2322"},"modified":"2024-03-25T10:58:14","modified_gmt":"2024-03-25T09:58:14","slug":"leau-un-enjeu-pour-lhumanite-mais-aussi-pour-les-bovins","status":"publish","type":"training","link":"https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/en\/training\/leau-un-enjeu-pour-lhumanite-mais-aussi-pour-les-bovins","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019eau : un enjeu pour l&#8217;humanit\u00e9 mais aussi pour les bovins."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>Diverses enqu\u00eates men\u00e9es au Danemark (Bennedsgaard et al. 2014), au Qu\u00e9bec (Vasseur et al. 2010) et en Norv\u00e8ge (Calder\u00f3n-Amor and Gallo, 2020) ont confirm\u00e9 que 4 \u00e0 16 % des exploitations ne mettent pas assez d\u2019eau \u00e0 la disposition de leurs veaux aux cours des premi\u00e8res semaines suivant la naissance. Les besoins en eau d\u00e9pendent bien entendu de l\u2019\u00e2ge des animaux, du r\u00e9gime alimentaire (quantit\u00e9 de lait distribu\u00e9, qualit\u00e9 du lait distribu\u00e9 cad lait de la m\u00e8re ou de remplacement, apport d\u2019aliments solides\u00a0: foin, concentr\u00e9s, ensilages ou herbe), du niveau de production laiti\u00e8re, de la sp\u00e9culation, de conditions pathologiques (diarrh\u00e9e) et des conditions environnementales.<\/p>\n<p>BESOINS JOURNALIERS<\/p>\n<p>D\u2019une mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale\u00a0: chaque kg de MS ing\u00e9r\u00e9e et chaque litre de lait produit implique la consommation de respectivement 4 et 1 litre d\u2019eau. Les besoins sont \u00e0 multiplier par 1,5 \u00e0 2 si la temp\u00e9rature est &gt; 25\u00b0C.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Veau laitier (0 \u00e0 4 mois)\u00a0: 5 \u00e0 13 l (hors lait)<\/li>\n<li>Veau sevr\u00e9\u00a0: augmentation de 50 % des besoins en eau apr\u00e8s sevrage (4,5 L \/kg de MS)<\/li>\n<li>G\u00e9nisse laiti\u00e8re (5 \u00e0 24 mois)\u00a0: 14 \u00e0 36 l<\/li>\n<li>Vache en lactation\u00a0: 60 \u00e0 80 l (production de 14 l\/J) mais 130 \u00e0 160 l (production de 45 l\/J). L\u2019eau ing\u00e9r\u00e9e via les aliments ou l\u2019abreuvement se retrouve dans le lait (30 l), les mati\u00e8res f\u00e9cales (30 l), l\u2019urine (10\u00e020l), la transpiration (0,4l), la respiration (20 \u00e0 40l)<\/li>\n<li>Vache tarie\u00a0: 30 \u00e0 50 l<\/li>\n<li>Vache allaitante\u00a0: 22 \u00e0 54 l<\/li>\n<li>Bovin engraissement\u00a0: 15 \u00e0 55 l<\/li>\n<li>Vache sevr\u00e9e, g\u00e9nisse pleine, taureau\u00a0: 40 \u00e0 70 l<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>DISTRIBUTION<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1 abreuvoir individuel pour 10 vaches laiti\u00e8res<\/li>\n<li>1 abreuvoir collectif \u00e0 niveau constant\u00a0: 50-65 cm par vache par groupe de 10 vaches<\/li>\n<li>Minimum 2 points d\u2019eau dans la stabulationpour \u00e9viter la comp\u00e9tition et dominance<\/li>\n<li>Ordre de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence d\u2019un abreuvoir\u00a0: \u00e0 auge &gt; \u00e0 flotteur &gt; \u00e0 soupape tubulaire &gt; \u00e0 palette<\/li>\n<li>En p\u00e2ture\u00a0: \u00e9viter un acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau \u00e0 &gt; 500 m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>ACCESSIBILITE<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Placer l\u2019abreuvoir collectif \u00e0 la sortie de la salle de traite (30 % de la consommation journali\u00e8re se fait apr\u00e8s la traite) et pr\u00e8s des cornadis<\/li>\n<li>Hauteur du bord sup\u00e9rieur du bac\u00a0: 75 \u00e0 85 cm du sol (vaches adultes), 55 \u00e0 70 cm (g\u00e9nisses et jeunes bovins), 40 \u00e0 55 cm (veaux)\u00a0: le niveau sup\u00e9rieur de l\u2019eau sera 10 cm plus bas (angle optimal de 60\u00b0)<\/li>\n<li>Pas de g\u00eane pour l\u2019abreuvement\u00a0: place suffisante derri\u00e8re l\u2019animal, isoler les abreuvoirs \u00e0 la terre, \u00e9viter les couloirs et les culs de sac<\/li>\n<li>D\u00e9bit minimal d\u2019un abreuvoir\u00a0: 12 l \/ min (remplissage en 10 sec)<\/li>\n<li>V\u00e9rifier la mise \u00e0 la terre<\/li>\n<li>&lt; 500 m en prairie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>LE SAVIEZ-VOUS\u00a0?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les vaches pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent boire de l\u2019eau plus chaude (30 \u00e0 33\u00b0C) quand la temp\u00e9rature environnementale est comprise entre 7 et 15\u00b0C.<\/li>\n<li>Une vache boit 5 \u00e0 7 fois par jour dans les 15 minutes qui suivent une prise de nourriture dans une stabulation libre (Miller and Wood-Gush 1991).<\/li>\n<li>Une vache boit durant 7 \u00e0 37 minutes par jour selon le d\u00e9bit de l\u2019eau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>POUR EN SAVOIR PLUS<\/p>\n<p>Fiches techniques des GDS sur l\u2019eau et l\u2019abreuvement<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gds63.com\/images\/pdf\/Fiche-n8-Eau.pdf\">https:\/\/www.gds63.com\/images\/pdf\/Fiche-n8-Eau.pdf<\/a>,<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/gdsreseau3m.com\/?page_id=1373\">http:\/\/gdsreseau3m.com\/?page_id=1373<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Guide de l\u2019abreuvement du b\u00e9tail\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/idele.fr\/fileadmin\/medias\/Documents\/Guide_abreuvement.pdf\">https:\/\/idele.fr\/fileadmin\/medias\/Documents\/Guide_abreuvement.pdf<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.agrireseau.net\/bovinsboucherie\/documents\/Field%20guide%20animal%20wq_fr%20-%20Qualit%C3%A9%20eau.pdf\">https:\/\/www.agrireseau.net\/bovinsboucherie\/documents\/Field%20guide%20animal%20wq_fr%20-%20Qualit%C3%A9%20eau.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" title=\"Normes qualit\u00e9 eau\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Normes-qualite-eau.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Normes-qualite-eau-800x600.jpg\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-2324\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27960%27%20height%3D%27720%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20960%20720%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27960%27%20height%3D%27720%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Normes-qualite-eau-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Normes-qualite-eau-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Normes-qualite-eau-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Normes-qualite-eau-800x600.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Normes-qualite-eau.jpg 960w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 800px\" 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