{"id":2451,"date":"2023-11-29T08:38:53","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T07:38:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/?post_type=training&#038;p=2451"},"modified":"2024-03-16T08:58:05","modified_gmt":"2024-03-16T07:58:05","slug":"les-effets-dune-ration-totale-melangee-rtm-sur-les-performances-de-reproduction","status":"publish","type":"training","link":"https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/en\/training\/les-effets-dune-ration-totale-melangee-rtm-sur-les-performances-de-reproduction","title":{"rendered":"LES EFFETS D\u2019UNE RATION TOTALE MELANGEE (RTM) SUR LES PERFORMANCES DE REPRODUCTION"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>REFERENCE : Consentini C. et al. Relationships among total mixed ration nutritional components and reproductive performance in high producing dairy herds. JDS Communications 2023; 4.<\/p>\n<p>Les rations totales m\u00e9lang\u00e9es pr\u00e9sentent tout \u00e0 la fois des avantages et des inconv\u00e9nients qui sont tout autant pratiques qu\u2019\u00e9conomiques. L\u2019article se propose d\u2019en \u00e9tudier les effets sur les performances de reproduction de 48 fermes laiti\u00e8res (143 \u00e0 2717 vaches pr\u00e9sentes produisant en moyenne 38.9 \u00b1 0.60 kg\/j (30.0 \u00e0 50.4 kg\/j avec des % en MG et prot\u00e9ines de respectivement 3.67 \u00b1 0.03 et 3.05 \u00b1 0.01.\u00a0 La p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente moyenne volontaire est de 65 jours et 80 % (25 \u00e0 100 %) des premi\u00e8res ins\u00e9minations sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re syst\u00e9matique apr\u00e8s un traitement hormonal.<\/p>\n<p>Le % moyen de gestation en 1<sup>\u00e8re<\/sup> ins\u00e9mination est de 39,7 % (45.9% pour les primipares et 36.2% pour les pluripares). L\u2019intervalle moyen entre le v\u00ealage et la gestation est de 129 jours, 52 % des vaches \u00e9tant gestantes avant le 150<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> jour postpartum.<\/p>\n<p>Les RTM distribu\u00e9es se composent de 56 % en moyenne de fourrages (48 \u00e0 60 %) et comportent en moyenne (en % de la mati\u00e8re s\u00e8che) 17 % de (16.0 \u00e0 18.7 %) de prot\u00e9ines brutes, 29.9 % (24.9 \u00e0 35.1 %) de NDF (neutral detergent fibers cad cellulose, hemicellulose et lignine), 40.4 % (31.7 \u00e0 46.6 %) de NFC (Non Fiber Carbohydrates cad amidon et sucres solubles), 24.5 % (20.1 \u00e0 30.8 %) d\u2019amidon et 5 % (3.1 \u00e0 6.7 %) de mati\u00e8res grasses. Les apports journaliers par vache en vitamines pr\u00e9sentes dans les RTM sont tr\u00e8s variables selon les exploitations\u00a0: vitamine A 93,000 \u00e0 401,000 IU, vitamine D\u00a0: 28,700 \u00e0 72,800 IU, et vitamine E\u00a0: 460 \u00e0 2,868 IU.<\/p>\n<p>LEURS OBSERVATIONS<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u2019augmentation du % en NDF est positivement corr\u00e9l\u00e9e \u00e0 celui du % de gestation en 1<sup>\u00e8re<\/sup> ins\u00e9mination.<\/li>\n<li>L\u2019augmentation en NFC est n\u00e9gativement corr\u00e9l\u00e9e avec le % de gestation en 1<sup>\u00e8re<\/sup> ins\u00e9mination, le % de gestation total et le % de vaches gestantes en 150 jours.<\/li>\n<li>L\u2019augmentation du % en amidon n\u2019a un effet n\u00e9gatif que sur le % de gestation en 1<sup>\u00e8re<\/sup> ins\u00e9mination.<\/li>\n<li>Une augmentation des apports en MG contribue \u00e0 celle du % de gestation en 1<sup>\u00e8re<\/sup> ins\u00e9mination.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>INTERPRETATION<\/p>\n<p>Une augmentation des apports en amidon se traduit par celle de l\u2019insulin\u00e9mie. Elle s\u2019accompagne d\u2019une r\u00e9duction de la qualit\u00e9 des ovocytes, augmete le risquede mortalit\u00e9 embryonnaire et donc celui d\u2019infertilit\u00e9. Un exc\u00e8s d\u2019amidon contribue \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019ingestion, augmente le risque d\u2019acidose du rumen et active les g\u00e8nes associ\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019inflammation.<\/p>\n<p>Un apport augment\u00e9 en MG peut compenser sur le plan \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique une r\u00e9duction de l\u2019apport en amidon. On sait les effets positifs d\u2019apports compl\u00e9mentaires en acides gras non satur\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Le manque d\u2019effet des apports en prot\u00e9ines sur les performances de reproduction n\u2019est pas nouvelle (voir la synth\u00e8se de Rodney, R. M., P. Celi, W. Scott, K. Breinhild, J. Santos, and I. J. Lean. 2018. Effects of nutrition on the fertility of lactating dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 101:5115\u20135133).<\/p>\n<p>La port\u00e9e de cette analyse est sans doute limit\u00e9 puisque nombre de facteurs susceptibles d\u2019influencer la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019ingestion ou la reproduction n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 pris en consid\u00e9ration.<\/p>\n<p>Et si vous voulez en savoir plus sur les avantages et inconv\u00e9nients des Rations Totales M\u00e9lang\u00e9es (RTM), consultez le lien suivant<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.gnb.ca\/content\/gnb\/fr\/ministeres\/10\/agriculture\/content\/betail\/bovins\/rations.html\">https:\/\/www2.gnb.ca\/content\/gnb\/fr\/ministeres\/10\/agriculture\/content\/betail\/bovins\/rations.html<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" 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https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Consentini-2023-effet-des-RTM-et-reproduction-1-scaled.jpg 1900w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"447\" title=\"Consentini 2023 effet des RTM et reproduction 2\" 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