{"id":2623,"date":"2024-02-27T16:06:04","date_gmt":"2024-02-27T15:06:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/?post_type=training&#038;p=2623"},"modified":"2024-03-25T13:47:50","modified_gmt":"2024-03-25T12:47:50","slug":"la-mammite-bovine-comprendre-prevenir-et-agir-pour-la-sante-de-nos-bovins","status":"publish","type":"training","link":"https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/en\/training\/la-mammite-bovine-comprendre-prevenir-et-agir-pour-la-sante-de-nos-bovins","title":{"rendered":"La Mammite Bovine : Comprendre, Pr\u00e9venir et Agir pour la Sant\u00e9 de nos Bovins"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;--awb-margin-top:30px;--awb-margin-bottom:30px;\"><p>La mammite bovine est une pr\u00e9occupation majeure dans le secteur laitier, affectant \u00e0 la fois le bien-\u00eatre animal et la performance \u00e9conomique des \u00e9levages. Cette inflammation de la glande mammaire peut se pr\u00e9senter sous diverses formes cliniques :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Grade 1 :<\/strong> pr\u00e9sence de coagulum (matons, cailles) dans le lait<\/li>\n<li><strong>Grade 2 :<\/strong> Douleur, gonflement marqu\u00e9 du quartier, caillots dans le lait.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Grade 3 :<\/strong> Sympt\u00f4mes syst\u00e9miques, fi\u00e8vre, parfois forme gangr\u00e9neuse avec n\u00e9crose tissulaire.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Forme Subclinique :<\/strong> D\u00e9tect\u00e9e par un comptage des cellules somatiques, souvent au-del\u00e0 de 200 000 cellules\/ml.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les agents pathog\u00e8nes responsables de la mammite sont divers et peuvent \u00eatre class\u00e9s selon leur mode de transmission :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Germes r\u00e9put\u00e9s contagieux :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Staphylococcus aureus<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces agents sont transmis principalement lors de la traite.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Germes r\u00e9put\u00e9s environnementaux :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Escherichia coli<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Staph epidermidis<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Staph haemolyticus<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Staph xylosus<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces bact\u00e9ries proviennent de l&#8217;environnement de la vache.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Germes r\u00e9put\u00e9s mixtes :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Streptococcus uberis<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Streptococcus dysgalactiae<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Staph simulans<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Staph Chromogenes<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces germes peuvent \u00eatre transmis par l&#8217;environnement et \u00e9galement lors de la traite.<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;analyse des donn\u00e9es de pr\u00e9valence des germes responsables de mammites en Wallonie, fournie par ARSIA, montre que <em>Streptococcus uberis<\/em> et <em>Escherichia coli<\/em> sont fr\u00e9quemment d\u00e9tect\u00e9s, avec des pr\u00e9valences moyennes respectives de 35,74% et 30,57%. <em>Staphylococcus aureus<\/em> et <em>Streptococcus dysgalactiae<\/em> suivent avec des pr\u00e9valences moyennes de 12,02% et 11,91%.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"awb-gallery-wrapper awb-gallery-wrapper-1 button-span-no\" style=\"--more-btn-alignment:center;\" data-limit=\"10\" data-page=\"1\"><div style=\"margin:-5px;--awb-bordersize:0px;\" class=\"fusion-gallery fusion-gallery-container fusion-grid-2 fusion-columns-total-2 fusion-gallery-layout-grid fusion-gallery-1\"><div style=\"padding:5px;\" class=\"fusion-grid-column fusion-gallery-column fusion-gallery-column-2 hover-type-none\"><div class=\"fusion-gallery-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mammite-1-1.jpg\" rel=\"noreferrer\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[gallery_image_1]\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" target=\"_self\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mammite-1-1.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mammite-1-1.jpg\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1446\" alt=\"\" title=\"Mammite 1 (1)\" aria-label=\"Mammite 1 (1)\" class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-2686\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271200%27%20height%3D%271446%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201200%201446%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271200%27%20height%3D%271446%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mammite-1-1-200x241.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mammite-1-1-400x482.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mammite-1-1-600x723.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mammite-1-1-800x964.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mammite-1-1.jpg 1200w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(min-width: 2200px) 100vw, (min-width: 712px) 598px, (min-width: 640px) 712px, \" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding:5px;\" class=\"fusion-grid-column fusion-gallery-column fusion-gallery-column-2 hover-type-none\"><div class=\"fusion-gallery-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mammite-1-2.jpg\" rel=\"noreferrer\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[gallery_image_1]\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" target=\"_self\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mammite-1-2.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mammite-1-2.jpg\" width=\"1045\" height=\"1052\" alt=\"\" title=\"Mammite 1 (2)\" aria-label=\"Mammite 1 (2)\" class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-2688\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271045%27%20height%3D%271052%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201045%201052%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271045%27%20height%3D%271052%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mammite-1-2-200x201.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mammite-1-2-400x403.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mammite-1-2-600x604.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mammite-1-2-800x805.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mammite-1-2.jpg 1045w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(min-width: 2200px) 100vw, (min-width: 712px) 598px, (min-width: 640px) 712px, \" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;--awb-margin-top:30px;--awb-margin-bottom:30px;\"><p>Les \u00e9leveurs doivent appliquer des strat\u00e9gies adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 la nature des germes, en s&#8217;appuyant sur la surveillance r\u00e9guli\u00e8re et la mise en place de bonnes pratiques d&#8217;\u00e9levage. Cela inclut la d\u00e9tection pr\u00e9coce et une intervention rapide pour minimiser les impacts de la maladie.<\/p>\n<p>Pour une pr\u00e9vention efficace, les \u00e9leveurs peuvent adopter les pratiques suivantes :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Hygi\u00e8ne de Traite :<\/strong> Nettoyer et d\u00e9sinfecter soigneusement les \u00e9quipements de traite avant et apr\u00e8s chaque utilisation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Post-Traite :<\/strong> Utiliser un d\u00e9sinfectant pour les trayons imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la traite pour r\u00e9duire le risque de transmission. Un changement de mol\u00e9cule tous les 3 ans est b\u00e9n\u00e9fique pour certaines familles de pathog\u00e8nes<\/li>\n<li><strong>Contr\u00f4le des Cellules Somatiques :<\/strong> Surveiller r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement le comptage des cellules somatiques pour d\u00e9tecter la mammite subclinique.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Analyse du tank ou des cas cliniques\u00a0:<\/strong> la PCR de tank ou individuelle, ou la culture individuelle (vache clinique ou vache \u00e0 cellule), permet de mieux comprendre les germes impliqu\u00e9s et les risques associ\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Isolement des Vaches Infect\u00e9es :<\/strong> S\u00e9parer les vaches atteintes, en d\u00e9sinfectant la griffe ou en trayant avec une griffe d\u00e9di\u00e9e pour \u00e9viter la propagation des germes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Environnement Propre :<\/strong> Maintenir une liti\u00e8re propre et s\u00e8che pour minimiser l&#8217;exposition aux germes environnementaux.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nutrition \u00c9quilibr\u00e9e :<\/strong> Assurer une alimentation ad\u00e9quate pour soutenir la sant\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et la r\u00e9sistance des vaches. (Vitamine E, S\u00e9l\u00e9nium, pas de c\u00e9tose ni d\u2019hypocalc\u00e9mie)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gestion du Stress :<\/strong> R\u00e9duire le stress des vaches par une manipulation douce et un environnement confortable.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vaccination :<\/strong> Envisager la vaccination, lorsque disponible, contre les agents pathog\u00e8nes sp\u00e9cifiques. (Staphylocoques, E.coli, Streptococcus uberis)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Formation du Personnel :<\/strong> Former tous les employ\u00e9s aux meilleures pratiques de gestion de la sant\u00e9 des vaches.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Surveillance V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire :<\/strong> Planifier des visites r\u00e9guli\u00e8res du v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire pour des contr\u00f4les de sant\u00e9 pr\u00e9ventifs.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Impact environnemental et \u00e9conomique\u00a0: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Les mammites ont un impact \u00e9conomique important, qui est \u00e9galement un impact environnemental cach\u00e9 la plupart du temps.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1000 cellules\/ml \u00e9quivalents \u00e0 5g CO2\/L produit, et une r\u00e9duction de 0.01% de la production<\/li>\n<li>1% de mammite vaut 1,2g CO2\/L produit et une r\u00e9duction de 0.05% de la production<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Annexe &#8211; Sources :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rapport ARSIA 2017 : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arsia.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/documents-telechargeables\/Rapport-AB-2017.pdf\">Rapport annuel sur les antibiogrammes les plus fr\u00e9quents relatifs aux mammites bovines<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Normes ISO14040 LCA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" 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