{"id":2897,"date":"2024-03-25T07:54:51","date_gmt":"2024-03-25T06:54:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/?post_type=training&#038;p=2897"},"modified":"2024-03-25T07:54:51","modified_gmt":"2024-03-25T06:54:51","slug":"le-microbiote-uterin-et-les-infections-uterines","status":"publish","type":"training","link":"https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/en\/training\/le-microbiote-uterin-et-les-infections-uterines","title":{"rendered":"Le microbiote ut\u00e9rin et les infections ut\u00e9rines."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>R\u00e9f\u00e9rence\u00a0:\u00a0 \u00c7omlekcioglu U. et al. Uterine microbial ecology and disease in cattle: A review. Theriogenology 213 (2024) 66\u201378. \u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2023.09.016<\/p>\n<p>METTONS-NOUS D\u2019ACCORD<\/p>\n<p>Par microbiome on peut comprendre l\u2019ensemble des g\u00e9nomes des microorganismes (bact\u00e9ries, virus, arch\u00e9es) vivant au contact de la peau et des muqueuses digestives, respiratoires, mammaires et g\u00e9nitales d\u2019un organisme humain ou animal. Le terme microbiote fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble de ces microorganismes et moins \u00e0 leur g\u00e9nome. Cette distinction fait indirectement r\u00e9f\u00e9rence aux m\u00e9thodes d\u2019identification, par culture pour les microbiotes et par identificiation de leur ADN en ce qui concerne les microbiomes. Par dysbiose, il faut comprendre tout changement du microbiote r\u00e9sultant d\u2019une perte de microorganismes dont la pr\u00e9sence est favorable ou d\u2019une augmentation de germes pathog\u00e8nes ou encore d\u2019une diminution de la biodiversit\u00e9 des germes pr\u00e9sents. La p\u00e9riode de transition et le v\u00ealage constituent des moments privil\u00e9gi\u00e9s du risque de dysbiose. Le microbiome ut\u00e9rin lors de l\u2019ins\u00e9mination artificielle a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9 ( <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/photo\/?fbid=470131348449859&amp;set=a.461131002683227\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/photo\/?fbid=470131348449859&amp;set=a.461131002683227<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>QUELQUES IDEES NOUVELLES<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Le microbiote g\u00e9nital est majoritairement (&gt;80%) constitu\u00e9 de bact\u00e9ries dont les principaux repr\u00e9sentants sont, ind\u00e9pendemment de l\u2019\u00e9tat sanitaire, les <em>Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Tenericutes et Actinobacteria<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>L\u2019id\u00e9e que l\u2019ut\u00e9rus est \u00ab\u00a0septique\u00a0\u00bb c\u2019est-dire \u00ab\u00a0non st\u00e9rile\u00a0\u00bb pr\u00e9vaut de plus en plus, la pr\u00e9snece de germes dans l\u2019ut\u00e9rus de g\u00e9nisses et de vaches gestantes saines est une r\u00e9alit\u00e9, l\u2019origine h\u00e9matog\u00e8ne des germes \u00e9tant de plus en plus d\u00e9montr\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<li>La pr\u00e9sence de certains germes tels <em>l\u2019\u03b1-hemolytic Streptococci<\/em> ou le <em>coagulase-negative Staphylococci<\/em> ou le <em>Bacillus <\/em>contribuerait \u00e0 r\u00e9duire l\u2019impact n\u00e9gatif de germes pathog\u00e8nes tels <em>Bacteroides<\/em>, <em>Fusobacterium et Porphyromonas.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>La capacit\u00e9 de l\u2019animal \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0g\u00e9rer\u00a0\u00bb ou non l\u2019inflammation au cours des trois premi\u00e8res semaines du postpartum va conditionner l\u2019apparition d\u2019endom\u00e9trites cliniques imputables majoritairement \u00e0 <em>Fusobacterium<\/em>, <em>Bacteroides<\/em>, et <em>Trueperella, <\/em>la pr\u00e9sence de ces germes d\u00e9pendant \u00e9troitement de celles d\u2019<em>Coli <\/em>dans les jours qui suivent le v\u00ealage.<\/li>\n<li>Lors d\u2019endom\u00e9trites subcliniques, on identifie le plus souvent des germes tels que <em>Staphylococcus<\/em>, <em>Corynebacterium<\/em>, <em>Streptococcus<\/em>, <em>Bacillus<\/em> et <em>Aerococcus<\/em> c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire un microbiote comparable \u00e0 celui observ\u00e9 chez des vaches saines. Il semblerait donc que l\u2019endom\u00e9trite subclinique soit davantage associ\u00e9 \u00e0 une mauvaise adaptation de l\u2019animal \u00e0 une balance \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique n\u00e9gative qu\u2019\u00e0 la pr\u00e9ence de germes pathog\u00e8nes sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>QUELQUES CARACTERISTIQUES SPECIFIQUES<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Fusobacterium necrophorum <\/em>(germe anaerobique, Gram -) est un pathog\u00e8ne majeur responsable d\u2019endom\u00e9trite. Il synth\u00e9tise des facteurs de virulence telle qu\u2019une leucotoxine et une endotoxine (LPS\u00a0: LipoPolySaccharide).<\/li>\n<li>Le genre <em>Bacteroides<\/em> (germe anaerobique, Gram -) est \u00e9galement associ\u00e9 aux infections ut\u00e9rines. Il pr\u00e9senterait une r\u00e9sistance accrue au ceftiofur.<\/li>\n<li><em>Porphyromonas<\/em> (germe anaerobique, Gram -) est \u00e9galement associ\u00e9 aux endom\u00e9trites.<\/li>\n<li><em>Escherichia coli <\/em>(germe anaerobique\/a\u00e9robique, Gram -) est largement pr\u00e9sent dans l\u2019uterus au cours des premiers jours suivant le v\u00ealage. Il pr\u00e9dispose aux infections ult\u00e9rieures par <em>Fusobacterium necrophorum <\/em>et <em>Trueperella pyogenes<\/em>. Sa toxine LPS exerce des effets n\u00e9gatifs sur l\u2019endom\u00e8tre et l\u2019ovaire. Son g\u00e8ne kpsMTII synth\u00e8tise une prot\u00e9ine qui lui permet d\u2019\u00e9chapper \u00e0 la phagocytose.<\/li>\n<li><em>Truperella pyogenes <\/em>(germe anaerobique, Gram +) est souvent associ\u00e9 \u00e0<em> Fusobacterium necrophorum<\/em>. Il synth\u00e9tise une pyolysine facilitant la p\u00e9n\u00e9tration du germedans les cellules endom\u00e9triales.<\/li>\n<li><em>Helcococcus <\/em>(germe anaerobique, Gram +) a \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9e chez des vaches atteines de m\u00e9trites\/endom\u00e9trites en association avec <em>coli, Trueperella pyogenes<\/em> et <em>Fusobacterium necrophorum<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Un biofilm est une communaut\u00e9 multicellulaire plus ou moins complexe associant ou une ou plusieurs bact\u00e9ries, algues ou champignons, adh\u00e9rant entre eux et \u00e0 une surface, et marqu\u00e9e par la s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion d&#8217;une matrice adh\u00e9sive et protectrice contre une r\u00e9cation immunitaire ou un antibiotique. Leur pr\u00e9sence est plus souvent observ\u00e9e lors d\u2019infections ut\u00e9rines persistantes. L\u2019association \u00e0 l\u2019antibiotique de DMSO (dim\u00e9thylsulfoxyde) ou de peroxyde d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne serait de nature \u00e0 d\u00e9grader la matrice du biofilm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>QUELLES STRATEGIES ANTI-INFECTIEUSES\u00a0?<\/p>\n<p>Classiquement, les infections ut\u00e9rines sont trait\u00e9es au moyen de penicilline, cephalosporine, ampicilline, oxytetracycline et de cloxacilline. Des alternatives th\u00e9rapeutiques sont explor\u00e9es. Elles ont fait l\u2018objet d\u2019une synth\u00e8se par Lima en 2020.<\/p>\n<p>CONCLUSIONS<\/p>\n<p>Les recherches sur le microbiome g\u00e9nital se poursuivent. Elles d\u00e9montrent la complexit\u00e9 des facteurs qui au cours du postpartum sont responsables d\u2019une dysbiose. Plus que jamais, il semble illusoire de vouloir trouver dans les antibiotiques LA solution aux infections ut\u00e9rines. L\u2019accent ne devrait-il pas davantage \u00eatre plac\u00e9 sur le management de la p\u00e9riode de transition pour renforcer les capacit\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense de l\u2019ut\u00e9rus\u00a0?<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1062\" title=\"Comlekcioglu 2023 microbiote ut\u00e9rin\" 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https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Comlekcioglu-2023-microbiote-uterin-800x447.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Comlekcioglu-2023-microbiote-uterin-1200x671.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Comlekcioglu-2023-microbiote-uterin-scaled.jpg 1900w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1062\" title=\"Lima 2020 traitements infections uterines alternatives\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Lima-2020-traitements-infections-uterines-alternatives-scaled.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Lima-2020-traitements-infections-uterines-alternatives-scaled.jpg\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-2901\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271900%27%20height%3D%271062%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201900%201062%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271900%27%20height%3D%271062%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rumexperts.vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Lima-2020-traitements-infections-uterines-alternatives-200x112.jpg 200w, 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